Volume 8, Issue 1 (March 2026)
IEEPJ 2026, 8(1): 0-0 |
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farshad M R, khalili Z, ranjbar M, Jamali Seluklu R, Zareinmoo M. (2026). Simple and multiple relationships between cohesive self-knowledge and psychological distress with parental self-efficacy in mothers of elementary school students in Lar city in 2022. IEEPJ. 8(1),
URL: http://ieepj.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-1042-en.html
URL: http://ieepj.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-1042-en.html
Mohammad reza Farshad *1 
, Zohre Khalili2 , Mernoosh Ranjbar3 , Ruqiya Jamali Seluklu4 , Maryam Zareinmoo5
, Zohre Khalili2 , Mernoosh Ranjbar3 , Ruqiya Jamali Seluklu4 , Maryam Zareinmoo5
1- Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Hakim Sabzevri University, Sabzevar, Iran , mohamadfarshad70@gmail.com
2- MA in Educational Administration, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3- MA in Clinical Psychology, Psychology Department, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian Branch, Ashtian, Iran
4- MA in Clinical Psychology, Psychology Department, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Shiraz, Iran
5- MA in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
2- MA in Educational Administration, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3- MA in Clinical Psychology, Psychology Department, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian Branch, Ashtian, Iran
4- MA in Clinical Psychology, Psychology Department, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Shiraz, Iran
5- MA in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
Abstract: (51 Views)
Objective: This study examined the simple and multiple relationships between self‑knowledge and psychological distress with parental self‑efficacy among mothers of elementary school students in Lar City in 2022–2023.
Methods: The statistical population consisted of all mothers of elementary school students in Lar City during the 2022–2023 academic year. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling table, 219 mothers were selected through multi‑stage cluster random sampling. Participants completed the Self‑Knowledge Questionnaire (ISKQ), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and the Parental Self‑Efficacy Questionnaire (PSAQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis in SPSS version 26.
Results: Findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between self‑knowledge and parental self‑efficacy. Additionally, stress, depression, and anxiety showed significant negative correlations with parental self‑efficacy. Regression analysis revealed that among the psychological distress variables, stress and depression were significant predictors of parental self‑efficacy in mothers of elementary school students.
Conclusions: The results suggest that mothers experiencing higher levels of stress and depression are more likely to struggle with emotional and behavioral challenges that impair parenting quality and reduce parental self‑efficacy. Strengthening mothers’ self‑knowledge and reducing psychological distress may therefore play an important role in enhancing parental self‑efficacy.
Methods: The statistical population consisted of all mothers of elementary school students in Lar City during the 2022–2023 academic year. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling table, 219 mothers were selected through multi‑stage cluster random sampling. Participants completed the Self‑Knowledge Questionnaire (ISKQ), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and the Parental Self‑Efficacy Questionnaire (PSAQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis in SPSS version 26.
Results: Findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between self‑knowledge and parental self‑efficacy. Additionally, stress, depression, and anxiety showed significant negative correlations with parental self‑efficacy. Regression analysis revealed that among the psychological distress variables, stress and depression were significant predictors of parental self‑efficacy in mothers of elementary school students.
Conclusions: The results suggest that mothers experiencing higher levels of stress and depression are more likely to struggle with emotional and behavioral challenges that impair parenting quality and reduce parental self‑efficacy. Strengthening mothers’ self‑knowledge and reducing psychological distress may therefore play an important role in enhancing parental self‑efficacy.
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Educational Psychology
Received: 2025/07/27 | Accepted: 2025/11/18 | Published: 2026/03/1
Received: 2025/07/27 | Accepted: 2025/11/18 | Published: 2026/03/1
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