Volume 6, Issue 4 (December 2024)
IEEPJ 2024, 6(4): 243-266 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Najarpourian S, Bagherihoseinababdi F. (2024). Examining Parent-Child Conflict: A Structural Model for High School Students in Isfahan. IEEPJ. 6(4), 243-266. doi:10.22034/6.4.243
URL: http://ieepj.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-876-en.html
URL: http://ieepj.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-876-en.html
1- Associate Professor of Counseling Department, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran , s.najarpourian@yahoo.com
2- Ph.D. Student in Counseling, Department of Counseling, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2- Ph.D. Student in Counseling, Department of Counseling, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Abstract: (2383 Views)
Objective: The primary objective of the present study was to formulate and empirically assess a model delineating the antecedents and consequences of conflict between parents and children.
Methods: The methodological framework employed was a multivariate correlational approach utilizing structural equation modeling techniques. The population of interest comprised all high school students residing in Isfahan, Iran. From this demographic, a sample of 320 students was extracted through a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology. The instruments employed in the research encompassed the Parent-Child Conflict Questionnaire, the Parental Conflict Scale, the Electronic Media Use Questionnaire, the Emotional Security Scale, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Internalizing Problems Questionnaire, and the Aggression Questionnaire. The proposed model underwent evaluation via structural equation modeling, leveraging the capabilities of SPSS and AMOS version 23 software.
Results: The findings revealed a direct influence of parental conflict and electronic media utilization on parent-child conflict, as well as a direct correlation of parent-child conflict with emotional security, depressive symptoms, internalizing issues, and aggression; furthermore, emotional security was found to have a direct impact on depressive symptoms, internalizing issues, and aggression. Additionally, the results indicated that parent-child conflict exerts an indirect influence on depressive symptoms, internalizing issues, and aggression through the mediating role of emotional security.
Conclusions: Consequently, the enhancement of parental relationships coupled with the regulation of adolescents' electronic media consumption has the potential to mitigate parent-child conflict; in turn, such a reduction in parent-child conflict may lead to a decrease in depressive symptoms, internalizing issues, and aggression among adolescents.
Methods: The methodological framework employed was a multivariate correlational approach utilizing structural equation modeling techniques. The population of interest comprised all high school students residing in Isfahan, Iran. From this demographic, a sample of 320 students was extracted through a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology. The instruments employed in the research encompassed the Parent-Child Conflict Questionnaire, the Parental Conflict Scale, the Electronic Media Use Questionnaire, the Emotional Security Scale, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Internalizing Problems Questionnaire, and the Aggression Questionnaire. The proposed model underwent evaluation via structural equation modeling, leveraging the capabilities of SPSS and AMOS version 23 software.
Results: The findings revealed a direct influence of parental conflict and electronic media utilization on parent-child conflict, as well as a direct correlation of parent-child conflict with emotional security, depressive symptoms, internalizing issues, and aggression; furthermore, emotional security was found to have a direct impact on depressive symptoms, internalizing issues, and aggression. Additionally, the results indicated that parent-child conflict exerts an indirect influence on depressive symptoms, internalizing issues, and aggression through the mediating role of emotional security.
Conclusions: Consequently, the enhancement of parental relationships coupled with the regulation of adolescents' electronic media consumption has the potential to mitigate parent-child conflict; in turn, such a reduction in parent-child conflict may lead to a decrease in depressive symptoms, internalizing issues, and aggression among adolescents.
Keywords: Parent-child conflict, Parental conflict, Electronic-media use, Emotional security, Depression symptoms, Internalizing problems, Aggression
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Educational Psychology
Received: 2024/04/6 | Accepted: 2025/08/10 | Published: 2024/12/1
Received: 2024/04/6 | Accepted: 2025/08/10 | Published: 2024/12/1
References
1. Aaro, L. E., Davids, E. L., Mathews, C., Wubs, A. G., Smith, O. R., & de Vries, P. J. (2022). Internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior‐three dimensions of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): A study among South African adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 63(4), 415-425. [DOI:10.1111/sjop.12815]
2. Abbas mofrad, H., khalatbari, J., malihi zakerini, S., mohammadi shirmahalleh, F., & shafti, V. (2021). Analysis of Structural Equations in the Relationship of Marital Conflicts and Affective Security with Perceived Stress and Pregnancy Worries and Biological Indexes with the Mediation of Psychological Wellbeing in Pregnant Women. Women Studies, 12(35), 99-127. doi: 10.30465/ws.2020.33412.3154. (Persian)
3. Aburezeq, K., & Kasik, L. (2021). The psychometric properties for the Arabic version of the questionnaire of adolescents' negative orientation of social. Journal of Studies in Language, Culture and Society, 4(2), 1-19.
4. Ai, T., Xu, Q., Li, X., & Li, D. (2017). Interparental conflict and Chinese adolescents' suicide ideation and suicide attempts: the mediating role of peer victimization. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 3502-3511. [DOI:10.1007/s10826-017-0837-y]
5. Ardyan, E., Sutrisno, T. F., & Padmawidjaja, L. (2023). New value creation and family business sustainability: Identification of an intergenerational conflict resolution strategy. Heliyon, 9(5), 1-13. [DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15634]
6. Bakhshaei, M., & Azadi, M. (2020). The mediating role of parent-child conflict in the relationship between self-differentiation and social anxiety. APPLIED FAMILY THERAPY, 1(2 ), 86-104. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/365747/en. (Persian) [DOI:10.61838/kman.aftj.1.2.5]
7. Beshlideh, K. (2013). Research methods and statistical analysis of research examples with SPSS and AMOS. Ahvaz: Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University Press. (Persian)
8. Breso, E., Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2007). In search of the "third dimension" of burnout: Efficacy or inefficacy?. Applied Psychology, 56(3), 460-478. [DOI:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00290.x]
9. Brunborg, G. S., Mentzoni, R. A., & Frøyland, L. R. (2014). Is video gaming, or video game addiction, associated with depression, academic achievement, heavy episodic drinking, or conduct problems?. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(1), 27-32. [DOI:10.1556/JBA.3.2014.002]
10. Brushe, M. E., Islam, T., Monroy, N. S., Sincovich, A., Gregory, T., Finlay‐Jones, A., & Brinkman, S. A. (2022). Prevalence of electronic device use before bed among Australian children and adolescents: a cross‐sectional population level study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 46(3), 286-291. [DOI:10.1111/1753-6405.13214]
11. Chen, C., & Qin, J. (2020). Childhood physical maltreatment and aggression among Chinese young adults: The roles of resilience and self-esteem. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 29(9), 1072-1091. [DOI:10.1080/10926771.2019.1699217]
12. Cheung, R. Y. (2021). Constructive interparental conflict and child adjustment in the chinese context: A moderated mediation model of emotional security and disintegration avoidance. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30, 733-745. [DOI:10.1007/s10826-020-01851-w]
13. Cheung, R. Y., Cummings, E. M., Zhang, Z., & Davies, P. T. (2016). Trivariate modeling of interparental conflict and adolescent emotional security: An examination of mother-father-child dynamics. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 2336-2352. [DOI:10.1007/s10964-015-0406-x]
14. Clifford, S., Doane, L. D., Breitenstein, R., Grimm, K. J., & Lemery-Chalfant, K. (2020). Effortful control moderates the relation between electronic-media use and objective sleep indicators in childhood. Psychological Science, 31(7), 822-834. [DOI:10.1177/0956797620919432]
15. Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: a construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386-400. [DOI:10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.386]
16. Crespo, L. M., Trentacosta, C. J., Aikins, D., & Wargo-Aikins, J. (2017). Maternal emotion regulation and children's behavior problems: The mediating role of child emotion regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 2797-2809. [DOI:10.1007/s10826-017-0791-8]
17. Davies, P. T., Pearson, J. K., Cao, V. T., & Sturge-Apple, M. L. (2023). Family-level antecedents of children's patterns of reactivity to interparental conflict: Testing the reformulation of emotional security theory. Developmental Psychology, 59(1), 99-107. [DOI:10.1037/dev0001497]
18. Dehshiri, Gh., Najafi, M., Sheikhi, M. & Habibi-Asgarabad, M. (2008). A preliminary investigation of the psychometric properties of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Family Studies, Volume 5, Number 2, pp. 159-177. (Persian)
19. Elsayed, W. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on increasing the risks of children's addiction to electronic games from a social work perspective. Heliyon, 7(12), 1-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08503]
20. Fine, M. A., & Schwebel, A. I. (1983). Long-term effects of divorce on parent-child relationships. Developmental Psychology, 19, 703-713. [DOI:10.1037/0012-1649.19.5.703]
21. Geng, S., Xu, K., & Liu, X. (2023). Association between Electronic Media Use and Internalizing Problems: The Mediating Effect of Parent-Child Conflict and Moderating Effect of Children's Age. Behavioral Sciences, 13(8), 694-703. [DOI:10.3390/bs13080694]
22. Grych, J. H., Seid, M., & Fincham, F. D. (1992). Assessing marital conflict from the child's perspective: The Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale. Child Development, 63(3), 558-572. [DOI:10.2307/1131346]
23. Harold, G. T., & Sellers, R. (2018). Annual research review: Interparental conflict and youth psychopathology: An evidence review and practice focused update. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(4), 374-402. [DOI:10.1111/jcpp.12893]
24. Hinkley, T., Verbestel, V., Ahrens, W., Lissner, L., Molnár, D., Moreno, L. A., ... & Idefics Consortium. (2014). Early childhood electronic media use as a predictor of poorer well-being: a prospective cohort study. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(5), 485-492. [DOI:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.94]
25. Huang, H., Zhou, Y., Qu, F., & Liu, X. (2020). The Role of Parenting Styles and Parents' Involvement in Young Children's Videogames Use. In HCI in Games: Second International Conference, HCI-Games 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 19-24, 2020, Proceedings 22 (pp. 282-294). Springer International Publishing. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-50164-8_20]
26. Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. R., Koss, K. J., Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2011). Parental problem drinking, marital aggression, and child emotional insecurity: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72(5), 711-722. [DOI:10.15288/jsad.2011.72.711]
27. Khan, F., Fraley, R. C., Young, J. F., & Hankin, B. L. (2020). Developmental trajectories of attachment and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Attachment & Human Development, 22(4), 392-408. [DOI:10.1080/14616734.2019.1624790]
28. Kovacs, M., & Beck, A. T. (1977). An empirical-clinical approach toward a definition of childhood depression. Depression in Children. Diagnosis, treatment, and conceptual models, 1-25.
29. Li, D., Zhou, Y., Zhao, L., Wang, Y., & Sun, W. (2016). Cumulative ecological risk and adolescent internet addiction: The mediating role of basic psychological need satisfaction and positive outcome expectancy. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 48(12), 1519-1527. [DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2016.01519]
30. Lougheed, J. P., Duncan, R. J., Keskin, G., & Marceau, K. (2022). Longitudinal associations between mother-child conflict and child internalizing problems in mid-childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 34(1), 263-272. [DOI:10.1017/S0954579420000863]
31. Lu, H., Chen, Q., Xie, C., Liang, Q., Wang, L., Xie, M., ... & Wang, J. (2020). Interparental conflict and delinquency among Chinese adolescents: Parental knowledge as a mediator and deviant peer affiliation as a moderator. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 177-185. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01775]
32. Mahboubi, T., Salimi, H., & Hosseini, S.A. (2014). The effect of emotional self-control training on reducing verbal aggression of Payam Noor University students. Social Cognition, 4(2), 124-136.
33. Manual, A. P. B. S. (2023). Fostering intimacy and participant engagement on the zoom platform. The Virtual Group Therapy Circle: Advances in Online Group Theory and Practice, 166.
34. Min, M. O., Yoon, D., Minnes, S., Ridenour, T., & Singer, L. T. (2019). Profiles of individual assets and mental health symptoms in at-risk early adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 75, 1-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.012]
35. Mokhtarnia, I., habibi, M., kholghi, H., mohammadi, E., kalantari, F. (2018). The Study of psychometric properties of the self-rating depression scale for children and adolescents. Rooyesh; 7 (4):1-22. URL: http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-296-fa.html. (Persian)
36. O'Hara, K. L., Rhodes, C. A., Uhlman, R. N., Sandler, I. N., & Wolchik, S. A. (2023). Parental Separation and Divorce: Risk and Protective Factors and Their Implications for Children's Adjustment. In Handbook of Clinical Child Psychology: Integrating Theory and Research into Practice (pp. 173-190). Cham: Springer International Publishing. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-24926-6_10]
37. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Assessing mediation in communication research (pp. 13-54). London: The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research. [DOI:10.4135/9781452272054.n2]
38. Rice, J., McTernan, M., & Cordova, J. (2023). The influence of relationship pattern labeling on intimacy, acceptance, and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 49(2), 317-332. [DOI:10.1111/jmft.12623]
39. Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H. R., Khosrowabadi, R., Fathabadi, J., & Nikbakht, S. (2019). Effects of parent-child interaction training on children who are excessively exposed to digital devices: A pilot study. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 54(6), 408-423. [DOI:10.1177/0091217419837070]
40. Savage, J., & Ellis, S. K. (2019). Academic achievement, school attachment, and school problems in the differential etiology of violence. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 5, 243-265. [DOI:10.1007/s40865-018-0090-0]
41. Schudlich, T. D. D. R., Jessica, N. W., Erwin, S. E., & Rishor, A. (2019). Infants' emotional security: The confluence of parental depression, Interparental conflict, and parenting. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 63, 42-53. [DOI:10.1016/j.appdev.2019.05.006]
42. Sherrill, R. B., Lochman, J. E., DeCoster, J., & Stromeyer, S. L. (2017). Spillover between interparental conflict and parent-child conflict within and across days. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(7), 900-914. [DOI:10.1037/fam0000332]
43. Smith, O. A., Nelson, J. A., & Adelson, M. J. (2019). Interparental and parent-child conflict predicting adolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 1965-1976. [DOI:10.1007/s10826-019-01424-6]
44. Sparkman, N. M. (2012). A study of parenting dimensions and family conflict in hispanic and African American families: implications for social research (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University).
45. Wang, M., Xu, Q., & He, N. (2021). Perceived interparental conflict and problematic social media use among Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of self-esteem and maladaptive cognition toward social network sites. Addictive Behaviors, 112, 1066-1079. [DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106601]
46. Wang, Z., Li, C., & Ai, K. (2022). Family economic strain and adolescent aggression during the COVID-19 pandemic: Roles of interparental conflict and parent-child conflict. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 17(4), 2369-2385. [DOI:10.1007/s11482-022-10042-2]
47. Xiao, B., Bullock, A., Coplan, R. J., Liu, J., & Cheah, C. S. (2021). Exploring the relations between parenting practices, child shyness, and internalizing problems in Chinese culture. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(6), 833-845. [DOI:10.1037/fam0000904]
48. Xie, Q., Bi, T., Du, Y., Kou, H., & Yang, B. (2020). Childhood maltreatment is associated with aggression among male juvenile delinquents in China: The mediating effects of callous-unemotional traits and self-control. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1373-1388. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01373]
49. Xu, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhao, J., Xuan, Z., Li, W., Han, L., & Liu, H. (2021). The relationship between shyness and aggression in late childhood: The multiple mediation effects of parent-child conflict and self-control. Personality and Individual Differences, 182, 1110-1158. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111058]
50. Xuan, X., Chen, F., Yuan, C., Zhang, X., Luo, Y., Xue, Y., & Wang, Y. (2018). The relationship between parental conflict and preschool children's behavior problems: A moderated mediation model of parenting stress and child emotionality. Children and Youth Services Review, 95, 209-216. [DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.10.021]
51. Yoo, D., & Córdova, J. (2023). Is intimacy contagious? Intimate safety with parents as a key to emerging adults' social connectedness. Family Relations, 72(4), 2234-2250. [DOI:10.1111/fare.12803]
52. Zhang, R., Li, D., Chen, F., Ewalds-Kvist, B. M., & Liu, S. (2017). Interparental conflict relative to suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents: The roles of coping strategies and meaning in life. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1010-1013. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01010]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
