Volume 6, Issue 1 (March 2024)
IEEPJ 2024, 6(1): 267-288 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Fathi Z, Gorgi Y. (2024). Development the Body Appreciation Training Package and its Effectiveness on Worrying about Body Image and Overweight in Overweight Female High School Students in Isfahan. , IEEPJ. 6(1), 267-288. doi:10.22034/6.1.267
URL: http://ieepj.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-647-en.html
URL: http://ieepj.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-647-en.html
1- MA in Positive (Islamic) Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Khomeinishahr Branch, Isfahan, Iran
2- Assistant Professor in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Khomeinishahr Branch, Isfahan, Iran ,gorji@iaukhsh.ac.ir
2- Assistant Professor in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Khomeinishahr Branch, Isfahan, Iran ,
Abstract: (2769 Views)
Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to design a body appreciation training program (focusing on positive body image) and assess its impact on body image concerns and overweight among overweight adolescent girls in Isfahan.
Methods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental approach with pre-test and post-test measurements along with a control group. The target population consisted of overweight high school girls in Isfahan during the year 2021, chosen through cluster sampling from the city's six educational districts. A sample of 40 overweight students was purposefully selected and divided into a control group (20 individuals) and an experimental group (20 individuals). Evaluation tools comprised instruments by Littleton et al. (2005) Body Image Concern Inventory and BMI. A researcher-developed body appreciation package was delivered to the experimental group over 8 sessions lasting 90 minutes each; conversely, the control group did not undergo any interventions. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-22 software, employing descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance).
Results: The outcomes demonstrated a notable statistical difference (P <0.001) in body image concerns between the experimental and control groups. Essentially, the Body Appreciation Training contributed to a decrease in body image concerns among overweight high school girls while it did not have a significant effect on the weight loss of overweight female students.
Conclusions: The discoveries of this research have the potential to inform the development of interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse consequences of obesity and body dissatisfaction among adolescents.
Methods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental approach with pre-test and post-test measurements along with a control group. The target population consisted of overweight high school girls in Isfahan during the year 2021, chosen through cluster sampling from the city's six educational districts. A sample of 40 overweight students was purposefully selected and divided into a control group (20 individuals) and an experimental group (20 individuals). Evaluation tools comprised instruments by Littleton et al. (2005) Body Image Concern Inventory and BMI. A researcher-developed body appreciation package was delivered to the experimental group over 8 sessions lasting 90 minutes each; conversely, the control group did not undergo any interventions. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-22 software, employing descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance).
Results: The outcomes demonstrated a notable statistical difference (P <0.001) in body image concerns between the experimental and control groups. Essentially, the Body Appreciation Training contributed to a decrease in body image concerns among overweight high school girls while it did not have a significant effect on the weight loss of overweight female students.
Conclusions: The discoveries of this research have the potential to inform the development of interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse consequences of obesity and body dissatisfaction among adolescents.
Keywords: Overweight, Body appreciation training, Positive body image, Body image concern, Female students
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Educational Psychology
Received: 2023/02/2 | Accepted: 2023/08/21 | Published: 2024/03/1
Received: 2023/02/2 | Accepted: 2023/08/21 | Published: 2024/03/1
References
1. Ahadzadeh, A. S., Rafik-Galea, S., Alavi, M., & Amini, M. (2018). Relationship between body mass index, body image, and fear of negative evaluation: Moderating role of self-esteem. Health psychology open, 5(1), 2055102918774251. (In Persian). [DOI:10.1177/2055102918774251]
2. Alleva, J. M., Tylka, T. L., van Oorsouw, K., Montanaro, E., Perey, I., Bolle, C., ... & Webb, J. B. (2020). The effects of yoga on functionality appreciation and additional facets of positive body image. Body Image, 34, 184-195. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.06.003]
3. Andrew, R., Tiggemann, M., & Clark, L. (2016a). Predicting body appreciation in young women: An integrated model of positive body image. Body image, 18, 34-42. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.04.003]
4. Andrew, R., Tiggemann, M., & Clark, L. (2016b). Predictors and health-related outcomes of positive body image in adolescent girls: A prospective study. Developmental Psychology, 52(3), 463. [DOI:10.1037/dev0000095]
5. Avalos, L. C., & Tylka, T. L. (2006). Exploring a model of intuitive eat-ing with college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 486-497. [DOI:10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.486]
6. Avalos, L. C., Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. (2005). The Body AppreciationScale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 2, 285-297. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002]
7. Baceviciene, M., & Jankauskiene, R. (2020). Associations between Body Appreciation and Disordered Eating in a Large Sample of Adolescents. Nutrients, 12(3), 752. [DOI:10.3390/nu12030752]
8. Bailey, K. A., Gammage, K. L., & van Ingen, C. (2017). How do you define body image? Exploring conceptual gaps in understandings of body image at an exercise facility. Body image, 23, 69-79. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.08.003]
9. Bailey, K. A., Gammage, K. L., Ingen, C., & Ditor, D. S. (2015). It's all about acceptance: A qualitative study exploring a model of positive body image for people with spinal cord injury. Body Image, 15, 24-34. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.04.010]
10. Belton, S. A. (2019). Body Appreciation, Self-Esteem, and Social Media Engagement. A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education School of Behavioral Sciences. Liberty University Body Mass Index as a measure of obesity. National Obesity Observatory (2009).
11. Cash, TF. (2012a).Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance. p. 334-42. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-384925-0.00054-7]
12. Cash, TF. (2012b). Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance. Oxford: Elsevier
13. Catarino, F., & Gilbert, P. (2016). Body image and weight-related shame prospectively predict binge eating symptomology and weight outcomes: The value of deshaming approaches to weight management. Obesity Facts, 9(1), 941-964.
14. Cox, AE., French, SU., Madonia, J., & Witty, K. (2011). Social physique anxiety in physical education: social contextual factors and links to motivation and behavior. Psychol Sport Excer,12(5),555-562. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.05.001]
15. Daniels, E., & Gillen, M. & Markey (2018). Body Positive: Understanding and Improving Body Image in Science and Practice 1st Edition. Publisher : Cambridge University Press. [DOI:10.1017/9781108297653]
16. Defining over weight and obesity: center for disease control and prevention(2012). Uptaterd April 27 cited 2014 July.
17. El Ansari, W., Dibba, E., & Stock, C. (2014). Body image concerns: Levels, correlates and gender differences among students in the United Kingdom. Central European journal of public health, 22(2), 106-117. [DOI:10.21101/cejph.a3944]
18. Golmohamedian, M., Morovati, F. & Rashidi, A.R. (2017). Prediction of body image concern based on mindfulness, experiential avoidance and metacognitive beliefs in high school students. Health Education and Health Promotion, 6(2), 168-178.
19. Guest, E., Costa, B., Williamson, H., Meyrick, J., Halliwell, E., & Harcourt, D. (2019). The effectiveness of interventions aiming to promote positive body image in adults: A systematic review. Body image, 30, 10-25. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.04.002]
20. Habibi, Y., Pashaei, T., Mansouri, B., Gharibi, F., Rezaei, Z. & Zandkarimi, Z. (2014). Epidemiological study of obesity and overweight in students aged 7 to 12 in Sanandaj city in the academic year of 2013-2014. Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences, 16 (49), 11-21.
21. Halliwell E. (2013). The impact of thin idealized media images on body satisfaction: Does body appreciation protect women from negative effects? Body image, 10(4), 509-14. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.004]
22. Halliwell, E. (2015). Future directions for positive body image research. Body Image, 14, 177- 189. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.003]
23. Halliwell, E., Jarman, H., McNamara, A., Risdon, H., & Jankowski, G. (2015). Dissemination of evidence-based body image interventions: A pilot study into the effectiveness of using undergraduate students as interventionists in secondary schools. Body Image, 14, 1-4. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.02.002]
24. He, J., Sun, S., Zickgraf, H. F., Lin, Z., & Fan, X. (2020). Meta-analysis of gender differences in body appreciation. Body Image, 33, 90-100. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.011]
25. Hemti Moslempak, M., Nouri Saeedlou, S., Kouselu, Z. & Orojello, S. (2015). Investigating the prevalence of overweight and central and general obesity in high school girls of Urmia city. Journal of Urmia College of Nursing and Midwifery, 14(9), 802-810.
26. Iannantuono, A. C., & Tylka, T. L. (2012). Interpersonal and intrapersonal links to body appreciation in college women: An exploratory model. Body image, 9(2), 227-235. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.01.004]
27. Jan Nesari, N., Shahidi, Sh., Khademi, A., Imani, S., & Ganjovian, M.S. (2014). A comparison of body image concerns and self-esteem between unbraced, braced, and normal adolescents with scoliosis. Contemporary Psychology, 9(2), 17-28. (In Persian).
28. Jannesari, N., Shahidi, S., Khademi, A., Imani, S. & Ganjavian, M. S. (2013). Comparison of concern about body image and self-esteem between adolescents with scoliosis without braces, treated with braces and normal adolescents. Contemporary Psychology, 9(2), 17-28.
29. Kachoui, M. & Shahmoradi, S. (2018). The relationship between body mass index and body esteem and symptoms of eating disorders: the moderating role of self-compassion in female students. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 19(2), 103-113.
30. Lambert, L., D'Cruz, A., Schlatter, M., & Barron, F. (2016). Using physical activity to tackle depression: The neglected positive psychology intervention. Middle East Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(1), 42-60.
31. Mulgrew, K. E., Findlay, C., Lane, B. R., & Halliwell, E. (2021). Does body appreciation or satisfaction buffer against idealised functionality-focused images of models?. Body Image, 36, 45-52. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.007]
32. Oktan, V. (2017). Self-harm behaviour in adolescents: body image and self-esteem. Journal of psycholo gists and counsellors in schools, 27(2), 177-189. [DOI:10.1017/jgc.2017.6]
33. Olson, K. L., Thaxton, T. T., & Emery, C. F. (2018). Targeting body dissatisfaction among women with overweight or obesity: A proof‐of‐concept pilot study. International journal of eating disorders, 51(8), 973-977. [DOI:10.1002/eat.22874]
34. Pasdar, Y., Darbandi, M., Niazi, P., Al-Qasi, S. & Roshanpour, F. (2014). Prevalence of obesity and some factors related to it in women of Kermanshah city. Jurjani Biomedical Scientific Research Quarterly, 3 (1), 82-97.
35. Piran, N. (2015). New possibilities in the prevention of eating disorders: The introduction of positive body image measures. Body Image, 14, 146-157. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.008]
36. Radwan, H., Hasan, H. A., Ismat, H., Hakim, H., Khalid, H., Al-Fityani, L., ... & Ayman, A. (2019). Body mass index perception, body image dissatisfaction and their relations with weight-related behaviors among university students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(9), 1541. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph16091541]
37. Razmus, M. & Razmus, W (2019). Body appreciation and body‐related pride in normal‐weight and overweight/obese individuals: Does romantic relationship matter?. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 55(3), 464-470. [DOI:10.1111/ppc.12343]
38. Richetin, J., xaiz, A., maravitam, A., & perugini, M. (2012). Self body recognition depends on implicit and explicit self - steem. Body Image, 9(2), 253-260. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.11.002]
39. Sadouqi, M. & Safari Fard, R. (2017). The relationship between body image concern and self-esteem in college students: the moderating role of self-compassion. Psychological Development, 7(10), 281-296.
40. Sassani, K., Sirfi, M.R., Meschi, F., Sarami, G.R. & Peymani, J. (2018). Modeling health-related quality of life based on individual attitude towards body image: Investigating the mediating role of self-compassion and shame in obese and overweight people. Nursing research, 14 (6), 78-87
41. Seidin, B., Rezazadeh, A., Omidvar, N., Zaeri, F., & Nouri Saidello, S. (2018). Comparison of overweight and obesity in Azeri and Kurdish adolescent girls living in Urmia city. Social Health Quarterly, 7(1), 67-76.
42. Swami, V., Barron, D., Hari, R., Grover, S., Smith, L., & Furnham, A. (2019). The nature of positive body image: Examining associations between nature exposure, self-compassion, functionality appreciation, and body appreciation. Ecopsychology, 11(4), 243-253. [DOI:10.1089/eco.2019.0019]
43. Swami, V., Hadji-Michael, M., & Furnham, A. (2008). Personality and individual difference correlates of positive body image. Body image, 5(3), 322-325. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.03.007]
44. Swami, V., Stieger, S., Haubner, T., & Voracek, M. (2008). German translation and psychometric evaluation of the Body Appreciation Scale. Body Image, 5(1), 122-127. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.10.002]
45. Tylka, T. L. (2013). Evidence for the Body Appreciation Scale's measurement equivalence/invariance between U.S. college women and men. Body Image, 10, 415-418. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.02.006]
46. Tylka, T. L., & Iannantuono, A. C. (2016). Perceiving beauty in all women: Psychometric evaluation of the Broad Conceptualization of Beauty Scale. Body Image, 17, 67-81. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.005]
47. Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015a). The body appreciation scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 12, 53-67. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006]
48. Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015b). What is and what is not positive body image? Conceptual foundations and construct definition. Body Image, 14, 118-129. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.04.001]
49. Vakili, M M., & Jahangiri, N. (2018). Content Validity and Reliability of the Measurement Tools in Educational, Behavioral, and Health Sciences Research . J Med Educ Dev, 10 (28), 106-118. [DOI:10.29252/edcj.10.28.106]
50. Wang, Y., Liang, H., & Chen, X. (2009). Measured body mass index, body weight perception, dissatisfaction and control practices in urban, low-income African American adolescents. BMC public health, 9(1), 1-12. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-9-183]
51. Weaver, R. M., & Mulgrew, K. E. (2021). The effectiveness of positive appearance and functionality reflective writing tasks on state body image and response to idealised media exposure among 35-60 year-old women. Body Image, 37, 127-137. [DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.02.008]
52. Weinberger, N. A., & Luck-Sikorski, C. (2020). Body appreciation and appearance evaluation in individuals with obesity compared to individuals with normal-weight: findings from a representative German population sample. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 1-9. [DOI:10.1007/s40519-020-01071-7]
53. World Health Organization. Depression http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/ Fact sheet N 369 .October 2015.
54. Zahedi, H., Jafari Abdoli, Sh. & Hasani Ranjbar, S. (2012). Pathogenesis, causes and complications related to obesity. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 12 (5), 375-392.
55. Zebardast, A., Besharat, M.A., Pourhossein, R., Bahrami Ehsan, H. & Poursharifi, H. (2014). Comparing the effectiveness of interpersonal relationship therapy and emotional management in weight loss of obese and overweight women. Scientific Research Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 4(3), 49-75.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
