Volume 2, Issue 1 (March 2020)
IEEPJ 2020, 2(1): 33-45 |
Back to browse issues page
1- PhD student of educational psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan
2- Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan
3- Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan
2- Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan
3- Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan
Abstract: (3060 Views)
Although girls' running away from home may seem to be an individual phenomenon at first glance, it is the source of many deviant and anti-social behaviors due to the detrimental consequences it has on social order. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of training compassion-based techniques and schema therapy cognitive and emotional techniques in reducing loneliness and emotional dysregulation in runaway adolescent girls. In this study, a single subject design was used. The statistical population of the study includes all runaway adolescent girls (age range 12-19) of Hamedan city in 1398 that referred to the Social Emergency Center of Hamedan. The sampling method is purposive sampling. Four girls were selected as the sample based on the study entry and exit criteria and filled out questionnaires of UCLA loneliness scale and difficulties in emotion regulation scale before and after the educational intervention and the data were analyzed using visual charts. The data showed that compassion-based training had a better effect than schema therapy cognitive and emotional techniques in reducing loneliness and emotion dysregulation in runaway girls. Also, the effect of both training methods was also confirmed on reducing loneliness and emotional dysregulation of runaway girls. It is recommended to use these training methods in order to reduce the problems of this group and also to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon in other adolescent groups.
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Evolutionary Psychology
Received: 2019/11/15 | Accepted: 2020/01/5 | Published: 2020/03/26
Received: 2019/11/15 | Accepted: 2020/01/5 | Published: 2020/03/26
References
1. Ahmadpour Dizaji, J., Zahrakar, K., & Kiyamanesh, A. (2016). Comparison of the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and well-being therapy on the psychological fund of female students with emotional breakdown. Journal of Women and Culture, 9, 21-7.
2. Amoozad, A. (2014). Investigating the Relationship between Delayed Marriage and Feeling Lonely in Graduate Students of Al-Zahra University Dormitory in 2013-2014. M.Sc., Al-Zahra University.
3. Arjomand Kermani, R., & Rajabzadeh, A. (2011). Survey of the facts that affect home runaway of female students in Tehran city. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 7(4), 521-529.
4. Asadi Gandomani, R., Nessaian, A., Adib Sereshki, N., & Karimloo, M. (2013). The effect of theory of mind training on improving cooperation, self-control and assertive in Autistic boys. Journal of Exceptional Children, 13(3), 44-33.
5. Azizi, A. R., Mirzaei, A., & Shams, J. (2010). Correlation between distress tolerance and emotional regulation with Students' Smoking Dependence. Hakim Research Journal,13(1), 11-18.
6. Bagean Koulemarz, M. J., Karami, J., Momeni, K. H., & Elahi, A. (2019). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) and integration of dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive therapy based on compassionate-mind on reduction mental pain and difficulty emotion regulation people attempted suicide. Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 9(34), 35-63.
7. Beaumont, E., & Hollins Martin, C. J. (2016). A proposal to support student therapists to develop compassion for self and others through Compassionate Mind Training. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 22, 5-13. [DOI:10.1016/j.aip.2016.06.005]
8. Brosan, L., Hoppitt, L., Shelfer, L., Sillence, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2011). Cognitive bias modification for attention and interpretation reduces trait and state anxiety in anxious patients referred to an out-patient service: results from a pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(3), 258-264. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.006]
9. Browne, K., & Falshaw, L. (1998). Street children and crime in the UK: A case of abuse and neglect. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, 7(4), 241-253.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0852(199807/08)7:4<241::AID-CAR501>3.0.CO;2-0 [DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0852(199807/08)7:43.0.CO;2-0]
10. Darabi, A., Borjali, A., & Azami, Y. (2014). Comparison of efficacy of schema therapy cognitive and emotional techniques on early maladaptive schemas reduction of depressed persons. Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 5(18), 143-166.
11. Dasht Bozorgi, Z. (2018). Effectiveness of self-compassion therapy on loneliness and emotion regulation of damaged women from marital infidelity. Journal of Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 18(2), 79-72.
12. De Jong-Gierveld, J. (1998). A review of loneliness: Concepts and definitions, determinants and consequences. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, (8), 73-80. [DOI:10.1017/S0959259898008090]
13. De Man, A. F. (2000). Predictors of adolescent running away behavior. Social Behavior and Personality: An International journal. 28 (3), 261-267. [DOI:10.2224/sbp.2000.28.3.261]
14. Ferdosian, F., & Mehri, A. (2014). The Investigation of the causes of girls run away from home and deliver a solution to deal with it. Chaharmahal & Bakhtiaris of police science, (7), 85-112.
15. Ghaffarian, H., & Khayatan, F. (2018). The effect of compassion focused therapy on self-concept and assertiveness amongst high school female students. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 19(1), 26-36.
16. Gilbert, P. (2009). The Compassionate Mind: A New Approach to the Challenge of Life. London: Constable & Robinson.
17. Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion based therapy. Translated by Mehrnoosh Esbati and Ali Feisi. (2018). Tehran: Ebne Sina Publications. [DOI:10.4324/9780203851197]
18. Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(1), 6-41. [DOI:10.1111/bjc.12043]
19. Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54. [DOI:10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94]
20. Gross, N. (2009). A Pragmatist Theory of Social Mechanisms. American Sociological Review. 74(3), 358-379. [DOI:10.1177/000312240907400302]
21. Hammer, H., Finkelhor, D., & Sedlak, A.J. (2002). Children Abducted by Family Members: National Estimates and Characteristics (Juvenile Justice Bulletin, NCJ196466, 1-12). Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Justice. [DOI:10.1037/e321202004-001]
22. Hashemi, S. Z., Fatemi Amin, Z., & Fouladian, M. (2011). Consequences of girls escaping from home. Social Welfare Quarterly, 11(40), 161-187.
23. Johnson, K, D., Whitbeck, L. B., & Hoyt, D. R. (2005). Substance abuse disorders among homeless and runaway adolescents. Journal of Drug Issues, 35 (4): 799-816. [DOI:10.1177/002204260503500407]
24. Karami, A. (2013). Investigating the Effective Factors on Girls' Escape with Emphasis on Family System Damage. M.Sc., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
25. Kelman, A. R., Evare, B. S., Barrera, A. Z., Muñoz, R. F., & Gilbert, P. (2018). A proof‐of‐concept pilot randomized comparative trial of brief Internet‐based compassionate mind training and cognitive‐behavioral therapy for perinatal and intending to become pregnant women. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25(4), 608-619. [DOI:10.1002/cpp.2185]
26. Khalilzadeh N, Mikaeli Mani, F, IssaZadegan A. (2017). On the Relationship of Emotional Regulation and Negative Affect with Craving for Drug Use with the Mediating Role of Depression. Journal of Research on Addiction, 11 (42), 197-212.
27. Leiberg, S., Klimecki, O., & Singer, T. (2011). Short-term compassion training increases prosocial behavior in a newly developed prosocial game. PloS one, 6(3), e17798. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0017798]
28. Masoudnia, M., & Fallah, M. (2014). Investigating the effective social and family factors on the girls running away from home in Yazd. Sociology of Women (Journal of Woman and Society), 5, 1(17), 41-61.
29. McEvoy, P. M., & Mahoney, A. E. J. (2011). Achieving certainty about the structure of intolerance of uncertainty in a treatment-seeking sample with anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(1), 112-122. [DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.010]
30. Mikaeli Mani, F. (2014). Emotion Dysregulation in Individuals with Risky Sexual Behaviors and Normal People. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 23(109), 206-214.
31. Moazami, S. H. (2004). Girls run away, why?. Tehran: Garayesh Publication.
32. Movahedi, Z. (2018). The Effectiveness of Compassion-Based Cognitive Behavioral Training on Attribution, Self-Criticism, Stress, and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation in 20-40-Year-Old Mourning Individuals. Second International Conference on Psychology, Counseling, Education.
33. Naderi, F., & Haghshenas, F. (2010). Relationship between impulsive loneliness and cell phone use in college students. New Discoveries in Psychology, 4)12(, 111-121.
34. Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. [DOI:10.1080/15298860309027]
35. Noorbala, F., Borjali, A., & Noorbala, A. A. (2013). The interaction effect between "self-compassion" and "rumination" on depressed patients in "compassion-based therapy". Scientific-Research Journal of Shahed University, 20(104), 77-85.
36. Nouri, H. R., & Naghavi, M. (2018). The Effectiveness of Compassionate Mind Training on Modulating Early Maladaptive Schemas in Methadone Maintenance Opioid Addicts. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction, 11(44), 187-207.
37. Ozyesdl, Z., & Akbag, M. (2013). Self-compassion as a protective factor for depression, anxiety and stress: A research on Turkish sample. The Online Journal of Counseling and Education, 2(2), 36-43.
38. Pergamit, M., R. (2010). On the life prevalence of running away from home. unpublished manuscript. Urban Institute (NJ1). [DOI:10.1037/e690432011-001]
39. Qasem-Abadi, E., Khalatbari, J., Ghorban-Shiroudi, S. H. & Rahmani, M. A. (2019). Effectiveness of schema and commitment therapy, compassion-based therapy and dialectical behavior therapy on marital conflict among married women in Social Emergency Services of Tonekabon and Ramsar. Journal of Social Health, 6)2(, 157-164.
40. Rasoolzadeh Tabatabai, K., Besharat, M. A., & Bazyari Meymandi, M. (2005). Personality traits, social and economic conditions of runaway and non-runaway girls in Tehran. Daneshvar Raftar, 12(10), 23-34.
41. Saki, M., Safa, M; Jazayeri, H., Asti, P., Jariani, M., & Saki, M. (2007). Investigation of personality and psychological characteristics of runaway women and girls held in intervention centers in Lorestan province social crisis. Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Journal, 9(1), 35-42.
42. Salemi, S., Zehtab Najafi, A., & Sultani, B. (2013). Psychological features of runaway girls and women in Kermanshah township during 2010. sjimu, 21(3), 22-29.
43. Savari, Y. (2018). The effect of mindfulness training on self-criticism, rumor anger and fear of compassionate students with depressive symptoms. M.Sc., University of Bu Ali Sina, Hamedan.
44. Shafi'i, Z. (2015). The relationship between maladaptive schemas with loneliness and defense mechanisms in runaway girls in Shiraz. M.Sc., Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch.
45. Slesnick, N. (2004). Our runaway and homeless youth: A guide to understanding. Greenwood Publishing Group.
46. Slesnick, N., Patton, R., & Dashora, P. (2011). Runaway teens. Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 276-282. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-373951-3.00131-9]
47. Tabatabaei Barzaki; S., Sohrabi, F., & Karimi Zarchi, M. (2013). The effectiveness of training schema therapy's experiential techniques on the depressed person's schemas. Quarterly of Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 3(11), 75-86.
48. Tajvidi M., Zeighami Mohammadi S. H. (2012). The level of loneliness, hopelessness and self-esteem in major thalassemia adolescents. Sci J Iran Blood Transfusion Organization, 2(1), 6-7.
49. Yoder, K. A., Whitbeck, L. B., & Hoyt, D. R. (2003). Gang involvement and membership among homeless and runaway youth. Youth and Society, 34(4), 441-46. [DOI:10.1177/0044118X03034004003]
50. Young, J., Klosko, J., & Weishaar, M. (2003). Schema Therapy. Translated by: Hasan Hamidpour and Zahra Andouz (2007). Tehran: Arjmand Publications.
51. Zaer, L., Khedmatgozar Khoshdel, M. (2014). Meta-Analysis of studies on cause and effects of runaway girls in Iran. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(23), 2006-2016. [DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p2006]
52. Zamiri, S. (2009). Investigating the relationship between parenting styles and girls' escape from home. M.Sc., Allameh Tabataba'i University.
53. Zareinejad, F., & Mir Hashemi, M. (2016). Comparison of the basic psychological needs and emotional regulation of runaway and normal girls. Biopsy, Family Counseling and Enrichment, 2 (1), 26-38.
54. Zargar, F., Pourkamali, T., Moradi, A., & Zargar, A. (2009). Family functioning in girls attempted to escape from home versus those with no such attempt in Isfahan city in 2006. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 69-74.
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |